Everything about First Lady totally explained
First Lady is a term applied to the wife of an elected male
head of state. Development of the title is credited to the
United States, where it was first used in
1849, when
United States President Zachary Taylor called
Dolley Madison "First Lady" at her
state funeral while reciting a eulogy written by himself.
Origin
In the early days of the
United States republic, there was no generally accepted title for the wife of the President. Many early first ladies expressed their own preference for how they were addressed, including the use of such titles as "Lady," "Mrs. President," "Mrs. Presidentress" and "Queen."
Dolley Madison was referred to as "first lady" in 1849 at her
funeral in a
eulogy delivered by President
Zachary Taylor. However, no written record of this eulogy exists.
Harriet Lane was the first woman to be called First Lady. The phrase appeared in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Monthly in 1860, when he wrote, "The Lady of the White House, and by courtesy, the First Lady of the Land." Although Dolley Madison was also called First Lady, the title was actually bestowed upon her posthumously, when she was mentioned over a century after her time in the White House. Once Harriet Lane was called First Lady, the term was applied retroactively to her predecessors.
The title first gained nationwide recognition in
1877, when
Mary C. Ames wrote an article in the New York City newspaper
The Independent describing the
inauguration of President
Rutherford B. Hayes. She used the term to describe his wife,
Lucy Webb Hayes. Mrs. Hayes was a tremendously popular first lady, and the frequent reporting on her activities helped spread use of the term outside Washington.
Variations
The entire family of the head of state may be known familiarly as the "
First Family". Should a female hold the office, the term
First Gentleman may be the alternative to First Lady, though First Consort or some other style may be used.
The spouse of the second in command (such as a
Vice President) may be known as the "
Second Lady", or Vice-First Lady. Less frequently, the family would be known as the "Second Family". In some monarchies this title is used in reference to the spouse of a
Prime Minister as it's understood that the "First Lady" of the country is the
Queen regnant or
queen consort.
In some situations, the title is bestowed upon a non-spouse.
Park Geun-hye, former head of the
Grand National Party of Korea, has been referred to as the First Lady to South Korean President
Park Chung Hee. Although she's President Park's daughter, the title was bestowed upon her after her mother's death.
Occasionally another woman will fill the duties of First Lady, if the wife is unwilling, unable, or doesn't exist.
Non-political uses
It has become commonplace for the title of "First Lady" to be bestowed on women, as a term of endearment, who have proven themselves to be of exceptional talent, even if that talent is non-political. For example, the term has been applied in the entertainment field to denote the
First Lady of Song (
Ella Fitzgerald), the
First Lady of American Soul (
Aretha Franklin), the
First Lady of the Grand Old Opry (
Loretta Lynn), and the
First Lady of the American Stage (
Helen Hayes).
The term "first lady" is also used to denote a woman who occupies the foremost social position within a particular locality.
The spouse of the
president of a university or college may also be styled its first lady. In some institutions this use is official, and in some unofficial. In many it isn't used.
The term is also used often in the religious setting. The wife of a senior pastor is sometimes called "first lady".
Further Information
Get more info on 'First Lady'.
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